I-Tesla izobuyela ezimotweni zikagesi ezingenazo izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba

I-Tesla imemezele namuhla ngosuku lwayo lwabatshalizimali ukuthi inkampani izokwakha injini yemoto kagesi kazibuthe engahlali emhlabeni.
Imihlaba eyivelakancane iyithambo lombango ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto zikagesi ngoba kunzima ukuvikela izimpahla futhi ukukhiqizwa okuningi komhlaba kwenziwa noma kusetshenzwe eShayina.
Lokhu kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, hhayi okuncane kakhulu okuwumfutho wamanje wabaphathi be-Biden wokukhiqiza izinto zezingxenye zemoto kagesi yasekhaya.
Kodwa-ke, kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nokuthi iyini i-REE nokuthi ingakanani i-REE esetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi.Eqinisweni, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile awanawo umhlaba ongavamile (yize aqukethe amanye “amaminerali abalulekile” njengoba kuchazwe uMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kokwehla Nokwehla kwamandla emali).
Kuthebula le-periodic, "imihlaba engavamile" yizinto ezigqanyiswe ngokubomvu kumdwebo ongezansi - ama-lanthanides, kanye ne-scandium ne-yttrium.Eqinisweni, azivamile neze, nge-neodymium cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokuqukethwe kwethusi.
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimotweni zikagesi zisetshenziswa ezimotweni zezimoto zikagesi, hhayi amabhethri.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-neodymium, uzibuthe onamandla osetshenziswa kuzipikha, ama-hard drive namamotho kagesi.I-Dysprosium ne-terbium izithasiselo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumamagnet we-neodymium.
Futhi, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinjini zezimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa ama-REE—i-Tesla iwasebenzisa kumamotho akhe azibuthe e-DC unomphela, kodwa hhayi kumamotho ayo okungenisa i-AC.
Ekuqaleni, uTesla wasebenzisa izinjini zokungeniswa kwe-AC ezimotweni zakhe, ezazingadingi umhlaba ongavamile.Empeleni, kulapho igama lenkampani lavela khona - u-Nikola Tesla wayengumsunguli we-AC induction motor.Kodwa kwathi lapho i-Model 3 iphuma, inkampani yethula injini entsha kazibuthe ehlala njalo futhi ekugcineni yaqala ukuyisebenzisa kwezinye izimoto.
U-Tesla uthe namuhla ukwazile ukunciphisa inani lemihlaba engavamile esetshenziswa kulawa ma-powertrains amasha we-Model 3 ngo-25% phakathi kuka-2017 no-2022 ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwe-powertrain.
Kepha manje kubonakala sengathi uTesla uzama ukuthola okungcono kakhulu kuwo womabili umhlaba: injini kazibuthe ehlala njalo kodwa awekho umhlaba ongavamile.
Enye indlela eyinhloko ye-NdFeB yomazibuthe unomphela i-ferrite elula (i-iron oxide, ngokuvamile enezengezo ze-barium noma i-strontium).Ungakwazi njalo ukwenza omazibuthe unomphela babe namandla ngokusebenzisa nje odonsa abaningi, kodwa isikhala ngaphakathi motor rotor silinganiselwe futhi NdFeBB inganikeza uzibuthe okwengeziwe impahla kancane.Ezinye izinto zikazibuthe unomphela emakethe zifaka i-AlNiCo (AlNiCo), eyenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kodwa ilahlekelwa yizibuthe kalula, kanye neSamarium Cobalt, omunye uzibuthe womhlaba ongavamile ofana ne-NdFeB kodwa kangcono emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Inqwaba yezinye izinto zisacwaningwa njengamanje, ikakhulukazi okuhloswe ngayo ukuvala igebe phakathi kwama-ferrite nomhlaba ongavamile, kodwa lokhu kuseselebhu futhi akukakakhiqizi.
Ngisola ukuthi uTesla uthole indlela yokusebenzisa i-rotor enozibuthe we-ferrite.Uma benciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-REE, lokho kusho ukuthi bebenciphisa inani lezidonsa ezihlala njalo kurotha.Ngibheja ukuthi banqume ukuthola ukugeleza okungaphansi kokujwayelekile kusuka esiqeshini esikhulu se-ferrite esikhundleni sesiqephu esincane se-NdFeB.Kungenzeka ukuthi nginephutha, kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise enye into esikalini sokuhlola.Kodwa lokho kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kimi - uTesla uhlose ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, okusho ngokuyisisekelo umhlaba ongavamile noma ama-ferrites.
Ngesikhathi sesethulo sosuku lwabatshalizimali, u-Tesla wabonisa isilayidi esiqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanje komhlaba ongandile kumotho kazibuthe we-Model Y unomphela onenjini yesizukulwane esilandelayo:
U-Tesla akazange acacise ukuthi yiziphi izakhi azisebenzisile, ngokunokwenzeka ekholelwa ukuthi ulwazi luyimfihlo yezohwebo ayengafuni ukuyidalula.Kodwa inombolo yokuqala ingaba neodymium, enye ingaba yi-dysprosium ne-terbium.
Mayelana nezinjini zesikhathi esizayo - asiqiniseki ngempela.Ihluzo zikaTesla ziphakamisa ukuthi injini yesizukulwane esilandelayo izoqukatha uzibuthe unomphela, kodwa lowo uzibuthe ngeke asebenzise umhlaba ongavamile.
Ozibuthe abangunaphakade base-Neodymium bebeyindinganiso yezinhlelo ezinjalo isikhathi esithile, kodwa ezinye izinto ezingaba khona ziye zahlolwa kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ukuze zibuyiselwe.Nakuba u-Tesla engakacacisi ukuthi iyiphi ahlela ukuyisebenzisa, kubukeka sengathi sekuseduze enze isinqumo - noma okungenani abone ithuba lokuthola isisombululo esingcono esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
UJameson ubelokhu eshayela izimoto zikagesi kusukela ngo-2009 futhi ubelokhu ebhala ngezimoto zikagesi namandla ahlanzekile e-electrok.co kusukela ngo-2016.