Yini Umazibuthe?
Uzibuthe uyinto enamandla asobala kuyo ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba nezinye izinto.La mandla abizwa ngokuthi uzibuthe.Amandla kazibuthe angaheha noma axoshe.Izinto eziningi ezaziwayo ziqukethe amandla kazibuthe, kodwa amandla kazibuthe kulezi zinto mancane kakhulu.Kwezinye izinto, amandla kazibuthe makhulu kakhulu, ngakho lezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi omazibuthe.Umhlaba ngokwawo uwuzibuthe omkhulu.
Kunamaphuzu amabili kubo bonke omazibuthe lapho amandla kazibuthe emakhulu kakhulu.Baziwa ngokuthi izigxobo.Kuzibuthe webha engunxande, izigxobo ziphambana ngokuqondile.Babizwa ngokuthi i-North Pole noma i-north-seking pole, kanye ne-South Pole noma i-south-secking.
Uzibuthe ungenziwa kalula ngokuthatha uzibuthe okhona bese uhlikihla ucezu lwensimbi ngawo.Lolu cezu lwensimbi olusetshenziswayo kufanele luhlikihlwe ngokuqhubekayo ohlangothini olulodwa.Lokhu kwenza ama-electron akuleso siqeshana sensimbi aqale ukuphenduka aqonde ohlangothini olufanayo.Amandla kagesi nawo ayakwazi ukudala omazibuthe.Njengoba ugesi uwukugeleza kwama-electron, lapho ama-electron ahambayo ehamba ocingweni aphatha umphumela ofanayo nama-electron azungeza i-nucleus ye-athomu.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-electromagnetic.
Ngenxa yendlela ama-electron azo ahleleke ngayo, izinsimbi ze-nickel, i-cobalt, insimbi, nensimbi kwenza ozibuthe abahle kakhulu.Lezi zinsimbi zingahlala zingozibuthe phakade uma sezingozibuthe.Kanjalo ukuthwala igama odonsa kanzima.Kodwa-ke lezi zinsimbi nezinye zingaziphatha njengozibuthe okwesikhashana uma zivezwe noma zisondela eduze kukazibuthe oqinile.Bese bephatha igama elithi ngozibuthe abathambile.
Indlela I-Magnetism Esebenza Ngayo
Uzibuthe kwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-electron zinyakaza ngandlela thize.Zonke izinto zakhiwa amayunithi abizwa ngokuthi ama-athomu, wona akhiwa ama-electron nezinye izinhlayiya, okungama-neutron nama-proton.Lawa ma-electron avame ukuzungeza i-nucleus, equkethe ezinye izinhlayiya ezishiwo ngenhla.Amandla kazibuthe amancane abangelwa ukuzungeza kwalawa ma-electron.Kwezinye izimo, ama-electron amaningi entweni azungeza ohlangothini olulodwa.Umphumela wawo wonke la mandla kazibuthe amancane avela kuma-electron uwuzibuthe omkhulu.
Ukulungisa Impushana
Amanani afanelekile ensimbi, i-boron, ne-neodymium ayashiselwa ukuze ancibilike ngaphansi kwe-vacuum noma esithandweni sokuncibilika se-induction kusetshenziswa igesi ye-inert.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vacuum ukuvimbela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezincibilikayo nomoya.Lapho ingxubevange encibilikisiwe isipholile, iyaphuka futhi ichotshozwe yenze imicu emincane yensimbi.Ngemva kwalokho, izingcezu ezincane zichotshozwa futhi zichotshozwe zibe yimpushana enhle esukela ku-3 kuya ku-7 microns ububanzi.Impushana esanda kwakhiwa iyasebenza kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukubangela ukuthungela emoyeni futhi kufanele igcinwe kude nokuchayeka komoyampilo.
I-Isostatic Compaction
Inqubo ye-isostatic compaction ibizwa nangokuthi ukucindezela.Insimbi eyimpuphu iyathathwa futhi ibekwe endaweni yokubumba.Lesi sikhunta sibizwa nangokuthi i-die.Ukuze okokusebenza okuyimpushana kuhambisane nezinhlayiya zempushana kusetshenziswa amandla kazibuthe, futhi phakathi nesikhathi lapho kusetshenziswa amandla kazibuthe, izinqama ezisebenza nge-hydraulic zisetshenziselwa ukuyiminyanisa ngokuphelele ibe phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.125 (0.32 cm) kusukela ekuhleliwe kwayo. ukujiya.Izingcindezi eziphezulu zisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ukusuka ku-10,000 psi kuya ku-15,000 psi (70 MPa kuya ku-100 MPa).Eminye imiklamo nemimo yenziwa ngokufaka izinto esitsheni esikhishiwe esingangeni moya ngaphambi kokucindezelwa endaweni oyifunayo ngomfutho wegesi.
Iningi lezinto ezithathwa njengesibonelo, ukhuni, amanzi, nomoya zinezakhiwo kazibuthe ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.Ozibuthe baheha izinto eziqukethe izinsimbi zangaphambili ngamandla kakhulu.Baphinde bahehe noma baxoshe abanye omagnethi abaqinile uma besondezwa.Lo mphumela uwukuthi wonke uzibuthe unezigxobo ezimbili eziphambene.Izigxobo eziseningizimu ziheha izigxobo ezisenyakatho zabanye omazibuthe, kodwa zixosha ezinye izigxobo eziseningizimu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ukukhiqiza Magnets
Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni omagnet ibizwa ngokuthi i-powder metallurgy.Njengoba omazibuthe behlanganisa izinto ezihlukene, izinqubo zokuwakhiqiza nazo zihlukile futhi zihlukile ngokwazo.Isibonelo, ama-electromagnets enziwa kusetshenziswa amasu okuphonswa kwensimbi, kuyilapho izibuthe eziguquguqukayo ezihlala njalo zenziwa ngezinqubo ezibandakanya ukukhishwa kwepulasitiki lapho izinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwa ekushiseni ngaphambi kokuphoqwa ngesikhala ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi enkulu.Ngezansi inqubo yokukhiqiza uzibuthe.
Zonke izici ezibalulekile nezibalulekile zokukhethwa kozibuthe kufanele kuxoxiswane ngazo nawo womabili amaqembu obunjiniyela nawokukhiqiza.Inqubo magnetizing on the izinqubo zokukhiqiza of odonsa, kuze kube manje, impahla ucezu lwensimbi onomfutho.Nakuba ifakwe kumandla kazibuthe phakathi nenqubo yokucindezela kwe-isostatic, amandla awazange alethe umphumela kazibuthe kokubalulekile, ahlanganisa kuphela izinhlayiya zempushana ezixegayo.Ucezu silethwa phakathi kwezigxobo zikazibuthe oqinile futhi ngemva kwalokho luqondiswe lapho kuhloswe khona ukudonsa uzibuthe.Ngemuva kokuthi i-electromagnetic inikwe amandla, amandla kazibuthe aqondanisa izizinda kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwempahla, okwenza ucezu lube uzibuthe onamandla kakhulu unomphela.
Ukushisisa Kwezinto
Ngemuva kwenqubo ye-isostatic compaction, i-slug yensimbi eyimpuphu ihlukaniswa ne-die futhi ifakwe kuhhavini.I-Sintering inqubo noma indlela yokwengeza ukushisa ezinsimbi ezicindezelwe eziyimpuphu ukuze ziguqule zibe izingcezu zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe, eziqinile kamuva.
Inqubo ye-sintering ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu.Phakathi nenqubo yesiteji sokuqala, izinto ezicindezelweyo zishiswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu ukuze kuxoshwe wonke umswakama noma zonke izinto ezingcolile okungenzeka ziboshiwe phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa isostatic.Esigabeni sesibili sokushisa, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka lifinyelele cishe ku-70-90% wendawo encibilika ingxubevange.Izinga lokushisa libe seligcinwa lapho isikhathi samahora noma izinsuku ukuze izinhlayiya ezincane zihambisane, zihlangane futhi zihlangane.Isigaba sokugcina se-sintering yilapho okokusebenza kupholiswa kancane kakhulu emazingeni okushisa alawulwayo.
Ukufakwa Kwezinto
Ngemva kwenqubo yokushisisa kufika inqubo yokuhushula.Kulapho okokusebenza kwe-sintered kungena esinye isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esilawulwayo sokushisisa nokupholisa ukuze kulahlwe noma yikuphi noma zonke izingcindezi eziyinsalela ezisele ngaphakathi kwento futhi iyenze ibe namandla.
Ukuqeda Magnet
Ozibuthe abangenhla bahlanganisa izinga elithile noma izinga lomshini, kusukela ekugayweni kwabo bushelelezi nangokuhambisana noma ukwenza izingxenye ezincane ngaphandle kozibuthe bebhulokhi.Izinto ezenza uzibuthe ziqinile kakhulu futhi ziyabhibha (i-Rockwell C 57 kuya ku-61).Ngakho-ke le nto idinga amasondo edayimane ngezinqubo zokusika, futhi asetshenziselwa amasondo abrasive ngezinqubo zokugaya.Inqubo yokusika ingenziwa ngokunemba okukhulu futhi ngokuvamile isusa isidingo senqubo yokugaya.Izinqubo ezibalulwe ngenhla zidinga ukwenziwa ngokucophelela kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchotshozwa nokuqhekeka.
Kunezimo lapho isakhiwo sokugcina sikazibuthe noma ukuma kulungele kakhulu ukucutshungulwa ngesondo lokugaya idayimane elimise okwezinkwa njengezinkwa.Umphumela wokugcina kusimo sokugcina ulethwa udlule isondo lokugaya futhi isondo lokugaya linikeza izilinganiso ezinembile nezinembayo.Umkhiqizo ofakwe i-anneal useduze kakhulu nokwakheka nobukhulu obuqediwe kangangokuthi ufisa ukwenziwa.Umumo wenethi oseduze igama elivame ukunikwa lesi simo.Inqubo yokugcina neyokugcina yokwenza imishini isusa noma iyiphi into eyeqile futhi iveze indawo ebushelelezi lapho kudingeka khona.Ekugcineni ukuze uvale ubuso izinto zinikezwa i-coating yokuzivikela.
Inqubo Yokuzibuthe
Ukwenza uzibuthe kulandela inqubo yokuqeda, futhi lapho inqubo yokukhiqiza yenziwa, uzibuthe udinga ukushajwa ukuze ukhiqize insimu yangaphandle kazibuthe.Ukufeza lokhu, i-solenoid isetshenziswa.I-solenoid iyisilinda esingenalutho lapho osayizi kazibuthe abahlukene kanye nokuma kungabekwa khona noma ngezimo i-solenoid yakhelwe ukunikeza amaphethini kazibuthe noma imiklamo ehlukahlukene. ukuze kugwenywe ukuphatha nokuhlanganisa lawa mamagnethi anamandla ezimeni zabo ezisebenza ngozibuthe. .Kufanele kucatshangelwe izidingo zensimu ye-magnetizing, ezinkulu kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-05-2022