Uzibuthe we-Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B).iwuzibuthe womhlaba ovamile ongavamile owakhiwa i-neodymium (Nd), insimbi (Fe), i-boron (B), nezinsimbi ezishintshayo. Zinokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ngenxa yensimu yazo yakazibuthe enamandla, engu-1.4 teslas (T), iyunithi yokungeniswa kazibuthe noma ukuminyana kwe-flux.
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bahlukaniswa ngendlela akhiqizwa ngayo, afakwa i-sintered noma ahlanganiswe. Sebephenduke omazibuthe abasetshenziswa kakhulu kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwabo ngo-1984.
Esimeni sayo semvelo, i-neodymium iyi-ferromagnetic futhi ingafakwa uzibuthe emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Uma ihlanganiswa nezinye izinsimbi, njenge-iron, ingafakwa uzibuthe ekamelweni lokushisa.
Amakhono kazibuthe we-neodymium uzibuthe angabonakala esithombeni esingakwesokudla.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile yi-neodymium ne-samarium cobalt. Ngaphambi kokutholakala kwamazibuthe be-neodymium, omazibuthe be-samarium cobalt yibo ababesetshenziswa kakhulu kodwa bathathelwa indawo yizibuthe ze-neodymium ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza omazibuthe be-samarium cobalt.
Yiziphi Izakhiwo Zezibuthe Ze-Neodymium?
Isici esiyinhloko samamagnethi e-neodymium ukuthi aqine kangakanani ngosayizi wawo. Inkambu kazibuthe kazibuthe we-neodymium yenzeka lapho insimu kazibuthe isetshenziswa kuyo futhi i-atomic dipoles iqondaniswe, okuyiluphu kazibuthe ye-hysteresis. Lapho inkambu kazibuthe isuswa, ingxenye yokuqondanisa isala ku-neodymium ezibuthe.
Amabanga ozibuthe we-neodymium abonisa amandla kazibuthe. Lapho inombolo yebanga iphakeme, amandla kazibuthe anamandla. Izinombolo zivela ezindaweni zazo ezivezwe njenge-mega gauss Oersteds noma i-MGOe, okuyindawo eqine kakhulu ye-BH Curve yayo.
Isilinganiso sokugreda esithi "N" siqala ku-N30 siye ku-N52, nakuba omazibuthe be-N52 bengavamile ukusetshenziswa noma basetshenziswe ezimweni ezikhethekile kuphela. Inombolo "N" ingase ilandelwe izinhlamvu ezimbili, ezifana no-SH, ezibonisa ukuphoqa kukazibuthe (Hc). Uma i-Hc iphakeme, izinga lokushisa liphezulu i-neo magnet engakwazi ukubekezelela ngaphambi kokuba ilahlekelwe ukuphuma kwayo.
Ishadi elingezansi libala amamaki ajwayelekile ezibuthe ze-neodymium ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje.
Izakhiwo Zezibuthe Ze-Neodymium
I-Remanence:
Lapho i-neodymium ifakwa endaweni kazibuthe, ama-dipoles e-athomu ayahambisana. Ngemva kokususwa ensimini, ingxenye yokuqondanisa isala idala i-neodymium yamagnetic. I-Remanence ukuminyana okuguquguqukayo okusalayo lapho inkambu yangaphandle ibuya enanini lokugcwaliswa kwesikhala iye kuziro, okuwuzibuthe osalayo. Lapho i-remanence iphezulu, iyanda ukuminyana kwe-flux. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bane-flux density engu-1.0 ukuya ku-1.4 T.
Ukuhlala kwamagnetic we-neodymium kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi enziwa kanjani. Omazibuthe be-sintered neodymium bane-T engu-1.0 kuye ku-1.4. Ozibuthe be-neodymium abahlanganisiwe bane-0.6 kuya ku-0.7 T.
Ukuphoqelela:
Ngemuva kokuthi i-neodymium yenziwe uzibuthe, ayibuyeli ku-zero uzibuthe. Ukuyibuyisela ku-zero magnetization, kufanele iqhutshwe inkambu ibheke kolunye uhlangothi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-coercivity. Le mpahla kazibuthe ikhono layo lokumelana nethonya lamandla kazibuthe angaphandle ngaphandle kokukhishwa uzibuthe. I-Coercivity isilinganiso sokuqina okudingekayo kusuka endaweni kazibuthe ukuze kuncishiswe ukudonsa uzibuthe ku-zero noma ukumelana kukazibuthe ukuze kukhishwe uzibuthe.
Ukuphoqwa kukalwa ngamayunithi e-oersted noma ama-ampere alebulwe ngokuthi Hc. Ukuphoqwa kozibuthe be-neodymium kuncike ekutheni akhiwa kanjani. Ozibuthe be-neodymium be-Sintered banokuphoqelelwa kwe-750 Hc kuya ku-2000 Hc, kuyilapho omazibuthe be-neodymium ababoshiwe banokuphoqelelwa kwe-600 Hc kuya ku-1200 Hc.
Umkhiqizo Wamandla:
Ukuminyana kwamandla kazibuthe kubonakala ngenani eliphakeme lokuminyana kwezikhathi zokuguquguquka kwamandla kazibuthe, okuyinani lokuguquguquka kazibuthe endaweni ngayinye yendawo. Amayunithi akalwa nge-teslas yamayunithi e-SI kanye ne-Gauss yayo enophawu lokuminyana okuguquguqukayo okuthi B. Ukuminyana kukamagnetic flux iyisamba senkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle H kanye ne-polarization yomzimba kazibuthe J kumayunithi e-SI.
Ozibuthe baphakade banenkambu engu-B enkabeni yabo nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Isiqondiso samandla enkundla engu-B sibangelwa amaphuzu angaphakathi nangaphandle kukazibuthe. Inaliti yekhampasi emkhakheni B kazibuthe izikhomba ngalapho kuya khona.
Ayikho indlela elula yokubala ukuminyana okuguquguqukayo komumo kazibuthe. Kunezinhlelo zekhompyutha ezikwazi ukwenza izibalo. Amafomula alula angasetshenziswa kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi kancane.
Ukuqina kwendawo kazibuthe kukalwa nge-Gauss noma i-Teslas futhi isilinganiso esivamile samandla kazibuthe, okuyisilinganiso sokuminyana kwamandla kazibuthe. Imitha ye-gauss isetshenziswa ukukala ukuminyana kukazibuthe. Ukuminyana kwe-flux kamazibuthe we-neodymium ngu-6000 Gauss noma ngaphansi ngoba inejika lokususa uzibuthe lomugqa oqondile.
I-Curie Temperature:
Izinga lokushisa le-curie, noma iphoyinti le-curie, izinga lokushisa lapho izinto kazibuthe zinenguquko ezimpahleni zazo kazibuthe futhi zibe yi-paramagnetic. Ezinsimbi kazibuthe, ama-athomu kazibuthe aqondaniswe ohlangothini olufanayo futhi aqinisa insimu kazibuthe. Ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa le-curie kushintsha ukuhlelwa kwama-athomu.
Ukuphoqwa kuyanda njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Nakuba omazibuthe be-neodymium benokuphoqelela okuphezulu ekamelweni lokushisa, behla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lize lifinyelele izinga lokushisa le-curie, elingase lifinyelele ku-320° C noma ku-608° F.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izibuthe ze-neodymium zingaba namandla kangakanani, amazinga okushisa aphezulu angashintsha ama-athomu awo. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungababangela ukuba balahlekelwe ngokuphelele izakhiwo zabo kazibuthe, eziqala ku-80° C noma ku-176° F.
Enziwa Kanjani Izibuthe Ze-Neodymium?
Izinqubo ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izibuthe ze-neodymium zi-sintering futhi ziyabopha. Izakhiwo zozibuthe eziqediwe ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi zikhiqizwa kanjani nge-sintering ibe yindlela engcono kakhulu kulezi zindlela ezimbili.
Indlela I-Neodymium Magnets Enziwa ngayo
I-Sintering
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Ukuncibilika:
I-Neodymium, i-Iron ne-Boron iyalinganiswa bese ifakwa esithandweni sokungeniswa kwe-vacuum ukuze kwakhiwe ingxubevange. Ezinye izakhi zengezwa kumamaki athile, njenge-cobalt, ithusi, i-gadolinium, ne-dysprosium ukuze zisize ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Ukushisisa kwenziwa ngamaza kagesi e-eddy endaweni engenalutho ukuze kunqandwe ukungcola. Ingxube ye-neo alloy ihlukile kumkhiqizi ngamunye kanye nebanga likazibuthe we-neodymium.
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Impuphu:
I-alloy encibilikisiwe iyapholiswa futhi yenziwe ingots. Ama-ingots ayijethi egaywa endaweni ye-nitrogen ne-argon ukuze kwakheke impushana elingana ne-micron. I-neodymium powder ifakwa ku-hopper ukuze uyicindezele.
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Ukucindezela:
Impushana icindezelwa edayizini elikhudlwana kunesimo esifunwayo ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukucasula ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-725° C. Ukuma okukhudlwana kwefa kuvumela ukushwabana phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa. Ngesikhathi sokucindezela, izinto ezibonakalayo zivezwa endaweni kazibuthe. Ifakwa kudayi wesibili ukuze icindezelwe ibe yisimo esibanzi ukuze iqondanise i-magnetization ngokuhambisana nendawo yokucindezela. Ezinye izindlela zifaka izinto zokwakha ukukhiqiza izindawo ezinozibuthe ngesikhathi sokucindezela ukuvumelanisa izinhlayiya.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uzibuthe ocindezelwe ukhululwe, uthola ishayela elikhipha uzibuthe ukuze liwushiye ungasebenzi uzibuthe ukuze lidale uzibuthe oluhlaza, obhidlika kalula futhi ube nezinto ezingezinhle kazibuthe.
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I-Sintering:
I-Sintering, noma i-frittage, ihlanganisa futhi yakhe uzibuthe oluhlaza isebenzisa ukushisa okungaphansi kwendawo yayo yokuncibilika ukuze iwunikeze amandla awo wokugcina kazibuthe. Inqubo igadwa ngokucophelela endaweni engenalutho, engenawo umoya-mpilo. Ama-oxide angacekela phansi ukusebenza kukazibuthe we-neodymium. Icindezelwa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-1080° C kodwa ngaphansi kwendawo yayo yokuncibilika ukuze iphoqe izinhlayiya ukuba zinamathelane.
Ukucima kusetshenziswa ukupholisa ngokushesha uzibuthe nokunciphisa izigaba, okuyizinhlobonhlobo zengxubevange enezakhiwo ezingezinhle kazibuthe.
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Ukwenza imishini:
Ozibuthe be-Sintered bagaywa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okusika idayimane noma ngocingo ukuze bawalolonge ngendlela efanele.
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I-Plating ne-coating:
I-Neodymium i-oxidize ngokushesha futhi ijwayele ukugqwala, engasusa izici zayo zamagnetic. Njengesivikelo, zimbozwa ngepulasitiki, i-nickel, ithusi, i-zinc, ithini, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokumboza.
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Uzibuthe:
Nakuba uzibuthe unendlela yokuzibuthe, ayinawo uzibuthe futhi kufanele ivezwe kafushane endaweni enamandla kazibuthe, okuyikhoyili yocingo ezungeza uzibuthe. I-magnetizing ifaka ama-capacitor kanye ne-voltage ephezulu ukukhiqiza amandla akhona.
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Ukuhlola Okokugcina:
Amaphrojekhtha okulinganisa edijithali aqinisekisa ubukhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe be-x-ray fluorescence buqinisekisa ukujiya kokucwenga. I-coating ihlolwe ngezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi namandla ayo. Ijika le-BH lihlolwe igrafu ye-hysteresis ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhuliswa okugcwele.
Ukuhlanganisa
I-Bonding, noma i-compression bonding, iyinqubo yokucindezela ukufa esebenzisa ingxube ye-neodymium powder kanye ne-epoxy ebophayo. Ingxube ingu-97% wezinto ezizibuthe kanye ne-epoxy engu-3%.
Ingxube ye-epoxy ne-neodymium icindezelwa emshinini wokunyathelisa noma ikhishwe futhi yelashwe kuhhavini. Njengoba ingxube icindezelwa ku-die noma ifakwe nge-extrusion, odonsa bangabunjwa babe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokucushwa. Inqubo yokubopha ngokucindezela ikhiqiza omazibuthe abanokubekezelelana okuqinile futhi ayidingi imisebenzi yesibili.
Ozibuthe ababoshwe ngokucindezela bayi-isotropic futhi bangenziwa uzibuthe kunoma iyiphi indlela, okuhlanganisa ukucushwa kwe-multi-polar. Ukubophezela kwe-epoxy kwenza ozibuthe baqine ngokwanele ukuthi bangagaywa noma bafakwe ilele kodwa bangabholiwe noma bacishwe.
I-Radial Sintered
Ozibuthe be-neodymium abagxile kakhulu bangamazibuthe abasha emakethe kazibuthe. Inqubo yokukhiqiza omazibuthe abahambisana nama-radial yaziwa iminyaka eminingi kodwa ibingabizi kahle. Intuthuko yakamuva yobuchwepheshe yenze lula inqubo yokukhiqiza okwenza ozibuthe abamise ngemisebe kube lula ukukhiqiza.
Izinqubo ezintathu zokukhiqiza omazibuthe be-neodymium abaqondaniswe ne-radial yi-anisotropic pressure molding, i-hot pressing back back extrusion, kanye nokuqondanisa kwenkambu ezungezisayo eyi-radial.
Inqubo ye-sintering iqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izindawo ezibuthakathaka esakhiweni sikazibuthe.
Ikhwalithi eyingqayizivele yamazibuthe aqondaniswe nge-radially isiqondiso senkundla kazibuthe, enwebeka eduze komjikelezo kazibuthe. Isigxobo sikazibuthe esiseningizimu singaphakathi kwendandatho, kuyilapho isigxobo sasenyakatho siyisiyingi.
Omazibuthe be-neodymium bama-radially oriented neodymium bayi-anisotropic futhi badonsa ngozibuthe kusukela ngaphakathi kwendandatho kuya ngaphandle. I-Radial magnetization inyusa amasongo amandla kazibuthe futhi ingabunjwa ibe amaphethini amaningi.
Ozibuthe bendandatho ye-neodymium be-Radial bangasetshenziselwa amamotho ahambisanayo, ama-steping motors, kanye nama-DC brushless motors ezimbonini zezimoto, zekhompyutha, zikagesi, nezokuxhumana.
Izicelo Neodymium Magnets
I-Magnetic Separation Conveyors:
Kulo mboniso ongezansi, ibhande le-conveyor limbozwe ngozibuthe be-neodymium. Ozibuthe bahlelwe ngezigxobo ezishintshanayo ezibheke ngaphandle ezibanika amandla kazibuthe aqinile. Izinto ezingahehwa ozibuthe ziyawa, kuyilapho i-ferromagnetic iphonswa emgqonyeni wokuqoqa.
Ama-hard disk drive:
Ama-hard drive anamathrekhi nemikhakha enamaseli kazibuthe. Amaseli asebenza uzibuthe lapho idatha ibhalwa kudrayivu.
I-Electric Guitar Pickups:
Ukulandwa kwesiginci sikagesi kuzwa izintambo ezidlidlizayo futhi kuguqule isignali ibe amandla kagesi abuthaka ukuze ithunyelwe ku-amplifier nesipika. Iziginci zikagesi azifani neziginci ze-acoustic ezikhulisa umsindo wazo ebhokisini elingenalutho ngaphansi kwezintambo. Iziginci zikagesi zingaba yinsimbi eqinile noma ukhuni olunomsindo wazo okhuliswe ngogesi.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi:
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium basetshenziswa ekwelapheni amanzi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukala emanzini aqinile. Amanzi aqinile anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali e-calcium ne-magnesium. Ngokwelashwa kwamanzi kazibuthe, amanzi adlula endaweni kazibuthe ukuze athwebule isikali. Ubuchwepheshe abukamukelwa ngokuphelele njengobusebenzayo. Kube nemiphumela ekhuthazayo.
Ukushintsha kwe-Reed:
I-reed switch iyiswishi kagesi esetshenziswa yizibuthe. Zinezixhumi ezimbili kanye nezinhlanga zensimbi emvilophini yengilazi. Oxhumana nabo beswishi bavulwa kuze kube yilapho besebenza uzibuthe.
Amaswishi omhlanga asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zemishini njengezinzwa eziseduze ezicabheni nasemafasiteleni amasistimu ama-alamu okugqekeza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphazamisa. Kumakhompyutha aphathekayo, ukushintsha komhlanga kubeka ikhompuyutha ephathekayo kumodi yokulala lapho isivalo sivaliwe. Amakhibhodi e-Pedal wezitho zamapayipi asebenzisa amaswishi emhlanga asendaweni ebiyelwe yingilazi koxhumene nabo ukuze bavikeleke ekungcoleni, othulini, nakudoti.
Ozibuthe Abathungayo:
Ukuthunga kwe-Neodymium kozibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukunamathela kazibuthe ezikhwameni, ezingutsheni, namafolda noma izibophezelo. Ozibuthe bokuthunga bathengiswa ngababili omunye uzibuthe ungu-a+ kanti omunye u-.
Ozibuthe Bamazinyo:
Amazinyo okufakelwa angabanjwa ngozibuthe emihlathini yesiguli. Ozibuthe bavikelekile ekugqwaleni ematheni ngokufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali. I-Ceramic titanium nitride isetshenziswa ukugwema ukuhuzuka nokunciphisa ukuchayeka ku-nickel.
Izicabha Zezicabha:
Izicabha zikaZibuthe ziyizitobhi zemishini ezibamba umnyango uvuleke. Isicabha siyavuleka, sithinte uzibuthe, sihlale sivuliwe kuze kukhishwe umnyango kumagnet.
I-Jewelry Clasp:
Izigqoko zobucwebe zikamagnetic ziza namahhafu amabili futhi zithengiswa njengepheya. Amahhafu anozibuthe endlini yezinto ezingezona uzibuthe. Iluphu yensimbi ekugcineni inamathisela iketango lesongo noma umgexo. Izindlu zikazibuthe zilingana ngaphakathi kwezinye zivimbela ukunyakaza okubheke eceleni noma kokugunda phakathi kozibuthe ukuze kunikeze ukubamba okuqinile.
Izipikha:
Izipikha ziguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini noma ukunyakaza. Amandla emishini acindezela umoya futhi aguqule ukunyakaza kube amandla omsindo noma izinga lokucindezela komsindo. Umsinga kagesi, othunyelwa ngekhoyili yocingo, udala indawo kazibuthe exhunywe kusipika. Ikhoyili yezwi iyakhangwa futhi ixoshwa yizibuthe unomphela, okwenza ikhoneli, ikhoyili yezwi ixhunywe kuyo, ihambe iye emuva naphambili. Ukunyakaza kwama-cones kudala amagagasi okucindezela azwakala njengomsindo.
Izinzwa ze-Anti-Lock Brake:
Kumabhuleki avimbela ukukhiya, omagnethi be-neodymium basongwe ngaphakathi kwamakhoyili ethusi kuzinzwa zamabhuleki. I-anti-lock braking system ilawula izinga lokusheshisa kwamasondo futhi lihlehlise ngokulawula umfutho womugqa ofakwa kwibhuleki. Amasignali okulawula, akhiqizwe yisilawuli futhi asetshenziswa kuyunithi yokumodela ingcindezi yebhuleki, athathwa kuzinzwa zesivinini samasondo.
Amazinyo kwiringi yenzwa azungeza adlule inzwa kazibuthe, okubangela ukuhlehla kwe-polarity yenkundla kazibuthe ethumela isignali yefrikhwensi kusivinini se-angular ye-asi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesignali ukusheshisa kwamasondo.
Ukucatshangelwa kwe-Neodymium Magnet
Njengozibuthe abanamandla nabaqine kakhulu emhlabeni, ozibuthe be-neodymium bangaba nemiphumela emibi elimazayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ziphathwe ngendlela efanele kubhekwe umonakalo ezingawudala. Ngezansi kunezincazelo zeminye yemiphumela engemihle yezibuthe ze-neodymium.
Imiphumela Emibi Yezibuthe Ze-Neodymium
Ukulimala komzimba:
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bangagxuma ndawonye futhi bancinze isikhumba noma babangele ukulimala okubi kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukugxuma noma ukushayeka ndawonye ukusuka kumasentimitha amaningana ukuya kumamitha ambalwa ngokuhlukana. Uma umunwe usendleleni, ungaphulwa noma ulimale kakhulu. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banamandla kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zozibuthe. Amandla amakhulu amangalisayo phakathi kwabo ngokuvamile angamangaza.
Ukuphuka kwezibuthe:
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bashwabene futhi bangaxebuka, baqhekeze, baqhekeze noma bahlakazeke uma beshwiba ndawonye, okuthumela izingcezu zensimbi ezicijile zindiza ngesivinini esikhulu. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium benziwe ngezinto eziqinile, eziphukayo. Naphezu kokuba zenziwe ngensimbi, futhi zinokubukeka okucwebezelayo, okusansimbi, azihlali isikhathi eside. Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo kufanele kugqokwe lapho uphathwa.
Ziqhelelanise Nezingane:
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium abawona amathoyizi. Izingane akufanele zivunyelwe ukuzibamba. Amancane angaba yingozi yokuminyanisa. Uma omazibuthe abaningi begwinywa, banamathisela omunye komunye ngezindonga zamathumbu, okuzodala izinkinga ezinzima zempilo, ezidinga ukuhlinzwa okusheshayo, okuphuthumayo.
Ingozi kuma-Pacemakers:
Amandla enkundla ama-gauss ayishumi eduze kwe-pacemaker noma i-defibrillator angasebenzisana nedivayisi efakiwe. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bakha izizibuthe ezinamandla, ezingaphazamisa ama-pacemaker, ama-ICD, namadivayisi ezokwelapha afakiwe. Imishini eminingi efakiwe iyacisha uma iseduze nendawo kazibuthe.
Imidiya Yezibuthe:
Amandla kazibuthe anamandla avela kumazibuthe e-neodymium angalimaza imidiya kazibuthe njengamadiski e-floppy, amakhadi esikweletu, amakhadi omazibuthe kazibuthe, amakhasethi, amakhasethi evidiyo, kulimaze amathelevishini amadala, ama-VCR, iziqapha zekhompyutha, nezibonisi ze-CRT. Akufanele zibekwe eduze kwemishini kagesi.
I-GPS nama-Smartphones:
Izinkambu zikazibuthe ziphazamisa amakhampasi noma ama-magnetometers kanye nekhampasi yangaphakathi yama-smartphones namadivayisi we-GPS. I-International Air Transport Association kanye nemithetho nemithetho ye-US Federal ihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa komazibuthe.
I-Nickel Allergy:
Uma unokungezwani ne-nickel, amasosha omzimba enza iphutha le-nickel njengesihlaseli esiyingozi futhi akhiqize amakhemikhali okulwa nawo. Ukungezwani ne-nickel ububomvu nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. I-nickel allergies ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane namantombazane. Cishe, amaphesenti angama-36 abesifazane, abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, abanokungezwani ne-nickel. Indlela yokugwema ukungezwani ne-nickel ukugwema izibuthe ze-nickel ezineodymium ezimbozwe nge-nickel.
I-Demagnetization:
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bagcina ukusebenza kwabo kufika ku-80° C noma ku-175° F. Izinga lokushisa abaqala ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kwabo liyahlukahluka ngokwebanga, ukwakheka, kanye nokusebenza.
Okuvutha umlilo:
Izibuthe ze-Neodymium akufanele zibhojwe noma zenziwe ngomshini. Uthuli nempushana ekhiqizwa ngokusila iyavutha.
Ukugqwala:
Ozibuthe be-Neodymium baqedwa ngohlobo oluthile lokumboza noma ukucwenga ukuze bavikeleke ezintweni. Awavimbeli amanzi futhi azogqwala noma agqwale lapho ebekwe endaweni emanzi noma emanzi.
Amazinga Nemithethonqubo Yokusebenzisa I-Neodymium Magnet
Yize omagnethi be-neodymium benensimu kazibuthe enamandla, bashwabana kakhulu futhi badinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile. Ama-ejensi amaningi aqapha izimboni athuthukise imithethonqubo ephathelene nokuphathwa, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezibuthe ze-neodymium. Incazelo emfushane yemithetho embalwa yemithetho ibhalwe ngezansi.
Amazinga Nemithethonqubo Yezibuthe Ze-Neodymium
I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) inamazinga e-Below-The-Hook Lifting Devices. I-B30.20 evamile isebenza ekufakeni, ekuhloleni, ekuhloleni, ekunakekeleni nasekusebenzeni kwemishini yokuphakamisa, okuhlanganisa ukuphakamisa omazibuthe lapho u-opharetha ebeka umazibuthe emthwalweni futhi aqondise umthwalo. I-ASME standard BTH-1 isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-ASME B30.20.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezingozi Namaphuzu Okulawula Okubalulekile:
I-Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) iwuhlelo oluqashelwa umhlaba wonke lokuvikela ubungozi. Ihlola ukuphepha kokudla ezingozini zebhayoloji, zamakhemikhali, nezomzimba ngokudinga ukuhlonzwa nokulawulwa kwezingozi ezindaweni ezithile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Ihlinzeka ngesitifiketi semishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokudla. I-HACCP ikhombe futhi yaqinisekisa izibuthe ezithile zokuhlukanisa ezisetshenziswa embonini yokudla.
Umnyango Wezolimo wase-United States:
Izinto zokuhlukanisa kazibuthe zigunyazwe Umnyango Wezolimo Wenkonzo Yokumaketha Ezolimo wase-United States njengokuthobelana ukuze zisetshenziswe izinhlelo ezimbili zokucubungula ukudla:
- Uhlelo Lokubuyekeza Izinsiza Zobisi
- Uhlelo Lokubuyekeza Impahla Yenyama Neyenkukhu
Izitifiketi zisekelwe kumazinga amabili noma imihlahlandlela:
- I-Sanitary Design kanye Nokwenziwa Kwezisetshenziswa Zokucutshungulwa Kobisi
- I-Sanitary Design kanye Nokwenziwa Kwezisetshenziswa Zokucubungula Inyama Nezinkukhu ezihlangabezana ne-NSF/ANSI/3-A SSI 14159-1-2014 Izidingo Zenhlanzeko
Umkhawulo Wokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Eziyingozi:
Imithetho Ekhawulelwe Yokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Eziyingozi (RoHS) ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa komthofu, i-cadmium, i-polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), i-mercury, i-hexavalent chromium, kanye ne-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) retardants yelangabi ezintweni zikagesi. Njengoba izibuthe ze-neodymium zingaba yingozi, i-RoHS ithuthukise izindinganiso zokuphatha nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Inhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezokundiza:
Omazibuthe bazimisele ukuba yinto eyingozi ekuthunyelweni ngaphandle kwe-Continental United States ukuya ezindaweni zamazwe ngamazwe. Noma iyiphi impahla epakishiwe, ezothunyelwa ngomoya, kufanele ibe namandla kazibuthe angu-0.002 Gauss noma ngaphezulu ebangeni elingamafidi ayisikhombisa ukusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo ebusweni bephakheji.
I-Federal Aviation Administration:
Amaphakheji aqukethe ozibuthe athunyelwa ngomoya kufanele ahlolwe ukuze ahlangabezane namazinga amisiwe. Amaphakheji kazibuthe kufanele alinganise ngaphansi kuka-0.00525 gauss kumafithi angu-15 ukusuka kuphakheji. Ozibuthe abanamandla nabanamandla kufanele babe nohlobo oluthile lokuvikela. Kunemithetho kanye nezimfuneko eziningi okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze kuthuthwe omazibuthe ngomoya ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha.
Ukukhawulelwa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa Kwamakhemikhali:
I-Restriction, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) yinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe eyingxenye ye-European Union. Ilawula futhi ithuthukise izindinganiso zezinto eziyingozi. Inamadokhumenti amaningana acacisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele, ukuphatha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezibuthe. Izincwadi eziningi zibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kozibuthe emishinini yezokwelapha nasezintweni zikagesi.
Isiphetho
- Ozibuthe be-Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B), abaziwa ngokuthi omazibuthe be-neo, bangozibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile abakhiwa i-neodymium (Nd), insimbi (Fe), i-boron (B), nezinsimbi ezishintshayo.
- Izinqubo ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izibuthe ze-neodymium zi-sintering futhi ziyabopha.
- Ozibuthe be-Neodymium sebeyibo abasetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zozibuthe.
- Inkambu kazibuthe kazibuthe we-neodymium yenzeka lapho insimu kazibuthe isetshenziswa kuyo futhi i-atomic dipoles iqondaniswe, okuyiluphu kazibuthe ye-hysteresis.
- Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bangakhiqizwa kunoma yimuphi usayizi kodwa bagcine amandla abo okuqala kazibuthe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-11-2022