Amandla omoya asephenduke omunye wemithombo yamandla ahlanzekile engenzeka kakhulu emhlabeni.Iminyaka eminingi, ugesi wethu omningi wawuvela kumalahle, uwoyela nezinye izinto ezimbiwa phansi.Nokho, ukudala amandla ngalezi zinsiza kubangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni yethu futhi kungcolise umoya, umhlaba namanzi.Lokhu kuqashelwa kwenze abantu abaningi baphendukela emandleni aluhlaza njengesixazululo.Ngakho-ke, amandla avuselelekayo abaluleke kakhulu ngezizathu eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
-Umthelela omuhle kwezemvelo
-Imisebenzi kanye nezinye izinzuzo zomnotho
-Impilo yomphakathi eyenziwe ngcono
-Amandla amakhulu futhi angapheli
-Isistimu yamandla ethembekile futhi eqinile
Ngo-1831, uMichael Faraday wadala i-generator yokuqala ye-electromagnetic.Wathola ukuthi amandla kagesi angakhiwa ku-conductor lapho uhanjiswa endaweni kazibuthe.Cishe eminyakeni engu-200 kamuva, izibuthe nezizibuthe ziyaqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphehleni kwamandla kagesi esimanje.Onjiniyela bayaqhubeka nokwakhela phezu kokusunguliwe kukaFaraday, ngemiklamo emisha yokuxazulula izinkinga zekhulunyaka lama-21.
Ngokuthathwa njengocezu lwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izinjini zomoya ziya ngokuya ziduma emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ngayinye ye-turbine idlala indima ebalulekile endleleni esebenza ngayo futhi ithwebule amandla omoya.Ngendlela elula kakhulu, ukuthi ama-turbines omoya asebenza kanjani ukuthi:
-Umoya onamandla uphendulela izindwani
-Ama-blades of fan axhunywe esiteshini esikhulu phakathi nendawo
-Ijeneretha exhunywe kulowo shaft iguqula lokho kunyakaza kube ugesi
Ozibuthe baphakade badlala indima ebalulekile kwezinye zezinjini zomoya ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.Ozibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile, abafana nozibuthe be-neodymium-iron-boron abanamandla, baye basetshenziswa kweminye imiklamo ye-wind-turbine ukuze kwehliswe izindleko, kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka, futhi kuncishiswe isidingo sokunakekela okumba eqolo nokuqhubekayo.Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, obusha eminyakeni yamuva nje kukhuthaze onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise amasistimu ejeneretha kazibuthe unomphela (PMG) kuma-turbines omoya.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuqede isidingo samabhokisi egiya, okufakazela ukuthi amasistimu kazibuthe ahlala ebiza kakhulu, anokwethenjelwa futhi anokugcinwa kancane.Esikhundleni sokudinga ugesi ukuze kukhishwe insimu kazibuthe, omazibuthe abakhulu be-neodymium basetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ababo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuye kwaqeda isidingo sezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kumajeneretha adlule, kuyilapho kunciphisa isivinini somoya esidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla.
Ijeneretha yamagnetic synchronous unomphela iwuhlobo oluhlukile lwe-wind-turbine generator.Ngokungafani namajeneretha okungenisa, lawa majeneretha asebenzisa inkambu kazibuthe yamazibuthe aqinile avela emhlabeni esikhundleni sozibuthe kagesi.Azidingi izindandatho zokushelela noma umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukuze kwakheke inkambu kazibuthe.Zingasebenza ngesivinini esiphansi, esivumela ukuthi zinikwe amandla yi-turbine shaft ngqo futhi, ngakho-ke, azidingi i-gearbox.Lokhu kunciphisa isisindo se-wind-turbine nacelle futhi kusho ukuthi imibhoshongo ingakhiqizwa ngezindleko eziphansi.Ukuqedwa kuka-gearbox kuholela ekuthembekeni okuthuthukisiwe, ukwehlisa izindleko zokuwulungisa, nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle.Ikhono lomazibuthe lokuvumela abaklami ukuthi basuse amabhokisi kagiya ayimishini kuma turbines omoya libonisa indlela ozibuthe bangasetshenziswa ngayo ngendlela entsha ekuxazululeni kokubili izinkinga zokusebenza nezomnotho kuma turbines omoya esimanje.
Imboni ye-turbine yomoya ikhetha omazibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile ngezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko:
-Amajeneretha kazibuthe ahlala njalo awadingi umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukuze aqalise inkambu kazibuthe
-I-self-excitation iphinde isho ukuthi ibhange lamabhethri noma ama-capacitor weminye imisebenzi ingaba ncane
-Umklamo wehlisa ukulahleka kukagesi
Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokunikezwa kwamandla kajeneretha ozibuthe wamandla aphezulu, isisindo esithile esihambisana nama-winding ethusi siyaqedwa kanye nezinkinga zokonakaliswa kwe-insulation kanye nokushoda.
Amandla omoya aphakathi kwemithombo yamandla ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu emkhakheni wezinsiza namuhla.
Izinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa omagnethi ezinjinini zomoya ukuze kukhiqizwe umthombo wamandla omoya ahlanzekile, aphephile, asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi onomnotho kunemiphumela emihle kakhulu emhlabeni wethu, inani labantu kanye nendlela esiphila ngayo nesisebenza ngayo.
Umoya ungumthombo wamafutha ohlanzekile futhi ovuselelekayo ongasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi.Izinjini zomoya zingasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ukusiza izifundazwe namazwe ukuhlangabezana namazinga ephothifoliyo evuselelekayo kanye nemigomo ekhishwayo ukuze kubambezeleke izinga lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Izinjini zomoya azikhiphi i-carbon dioxide noma amanye amagesi abamba ukushisa ayingozi, okwenza amandla aphehlwa ngomoya abe ngcono endaweni ezungezile kunemithombo esekelwe kuphethiloli.
Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, amandla omoya ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe ngaphezu kwemithombo evamile yokuphehla ugesi.Izikhungo zamandla enuzi, amalahle, negesi yemvelo zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngokumangalisayo ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi.Kulezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zikagesi, amanzi asetshenziselwa ukudala isitimu, ukulawula ukungcola, noma ngezinjongo zokupholisa.Iningi lala manzi ekugcineni lidedelwa emkhathini ngendlela yokujiya.Ngokuphambene, izinjini zomoya azidingi amanzi ukuze zikhiqize ugesi.Ngakho-ke inani lamapulazi omoya likhuphuka kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile lapho ukutholakala kwamanzi kunomkhawulo.
Mhlawumbe inzuzo esobala kodwa ebalulekile yamandla omoya ukuthi umthombo wamafutha awukho futhi utholakala endaweni.Ngokuphambene, izindleko zikaphethiloli zamafutha ezinsalela zingaba enye yezindleko ezinkulu zokusebenza zesikhungo sikagesi futhi kungase kudingeke ukuba kutholwe kubahlinzeki bangaphandle okungadala ukuncika kumaketango okunikezwayo aphazamisekayo futhi kungathinteka izingxabano zezwe.Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla omoya angasiza amazwe ukuthi azimele ngamandla futhi anciphise ubungozi bokuguquguquka kwentengo kumafutha emvelo.
Ngokungafani nemithombo kaphethiloli enomkhawulo njengamalahle noma igesi yemvelo, umoya ungumthombo wamandla osimeme ongadingi izibaso ezimbiwa phansi ukuze ukhiqize amandla.Umoya ukhiqizwa izinga lokushisa kanye nokwehluka kwengcindezi emkhathini futhi kuwumphumela wokushisa kwelanga indawo yoMhlaba.Njengomthombo wamafutha, umoya unikeza amandla angapheli futhi, uma nje ilanga liqhubeka likhanya, umoya uzoqhubeka uvunguza.
